Congenital diseases
Congenital diseases are health conditions that are present from birth, resulting from genetic, environmental, or unknown causes. These conditions can affect various organs and body systems and may lead to developmental, physical, or functional issues. Common congenital diseases include heart defects, Down syndrome, cleft palate, and neural tube defects. They may be detected during pregnancy, at birth, or later in life, depending on the severity and symptoms.
Causes of Congenital Diseases:
- Genetic Factors: Some congenital diseases arise from gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities passed from parents.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals, infections, or radiation during pregnancy can affect fetal development.
- Unknown Causes: In many cases, the exact cause of a congenital disease remains unidentified.
Diagnosis and Management
Early diagnosis through prenatal screening or newborn screening is crucial for managing congenital diseases. Treatment options vary from surgical interventions to ongoing therapies and lifestyle adaptations, depending on the severity and type of disease.
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